活性炭在果胶提取液脱色中的应用研究

采用活性炭对果胶浸提液进行脱色,分别对活性炭添加量、吸附时间、吸附温度开展单因素试验,不考虑交互作用,以吸附率和果胶得率为衡量指标。结果表明,在活性炭添加量1%,吸附时间20 min,吸附温度60℃条件下,果胶提取液脱色效果最佳。     

Changes of Ca2＋ activated potassium channels and cellular-proliferation in autogenous vein grafts

AIM: To investigate changes of Ca^2＋ activated potassium channels (K_Ca) in autogenous vein grafts. METHODS: The contraction of venous ring was measured by means of perfusion in vitro. The intimal proliferation and proliferation of cultured smooth muscle cells (vascular smooth muscle cells, VSMCs) were observed by the means of computerised image analysis and MTT method, respectively. Furthermore, whole cell mode of patch clamp was used to record K_Ca of VSMCs isolated from autogenous vein grafts. RESULTS: 1 week after transplantation there were no significant differences of contraction and intimal relative thickness between autogenous vein grafts and control. Contraction and intimal relative thickness of autogenous vein graft were significantly increased 2 weeks after transplantation (P＜0.05, n=8 vs control), and they were more enhanced 4 weeks after vein transplantation (P＜0.01, n=8 vs control). TEA (blocker of Ca^2＋ activated potassium channels) increased MTT A₄₉₀ value of VSMCs from femoral vein in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05, n=8). K_Ca current density was significantly attenuated in VSMCs from autogenous vein grafts 1-4 weeks after transplantation (P＜0.05, n=5). CONCLUSION: K_Ca was inhibited in autogenous vein graft, which accounted for vasospasm and intimal proliferation.     

水产养殖尾水初沉区中净化材料的应用对微生物酶活性的影响

通过检测除氮型改性凹凸棒土（Al@TCAP-N）和火山石的内部及周围水体有关氮、磷、有机物分解的酶活性和水质指标，利用高通量测序对材料和水体中的细菌和真菌进行分析，以研究尾水处理系统初沉区中水质净化材料处理尾水营养盐的机制。结果表明，Al@TCAP-N和火山石能增加其周围水体微生物碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、硝酸盐还原酶（Nar）活性；火山石能在早期（0~6 h）提高其内部有机磷水解酶（OPH）、氨单加氧酶（AMO）的活性；Al@TCAP-N能在后期（36~48 h）增加其内部脱氢酶（DHO）的活性；净化材料相互对比发现，火山石内部的酶活性整体高于Al@TCAP-N内部的酶活性；本试验表明水质处理最佳时间为36 h，总氮（TN）、总磷（TP）、高锰酸盐指数（COD_Mn）的去除率分别为22.61%、9.52%和22.16%。在实际应用过程中，可通过Al@TCAP-N的吸附和火山石负载的微生物的双重作用降低水中营养盐的含量。浮霉菌门（Planctomycetes）、变形菌门（Protepbacteria）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）和壶菌门（Chytridiomycota）分别是材料表面微生物细菌和真菌中的主要门类。火山石能在净化初期促进有机磷化合物分解和硝态氮（NO₃^--N）转化为亚硝态氮（NO₂^--N），Al@TCAP-N在净化后期促进有机物的分解。Al@TCAP-N和火山石能促进水体中含磷化合物的分解和氮的转化。     

不同基质活性炭对阿特拉津吸附特性研究

为了解决阿特拉津给土壤带来的污染问题以及寻找吸附效果较好的活性炭基质,本研究利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)技术检测了阿特拉津溶液和悬浮液经煤、木、果和竹质4种生物炭处理后的残留量,并对其在阿特拉津溶液和土壤中的吸附动态进行检测。结果表明,煤质活性炭对初始浓度为100 mg/L和10 mg/L的阿特拉津溶液和悬浮液的吸附效果较好,其吸附率为5.651%~68.42%;当阿特拉津初始浓度为100 mg/L时,煤质活性炭在40 min时对阿特拉津溶液的吸附率高达23.49%;与对照组相比,当阿特拉津的初始浓度为100 mg/L时,土壤中阿特拉津经煤质活性炭处理42天后的残留浓度最低,活性炭吸附率达到91.39%。综上,煤质活性炭能有效降解溶液及土壤中阿特拉津含量,这将为阿特拉津污染土壤的改良研究奠定基础。     

凹凸棒石抗菌材料对湖羊生长性能、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响

试验旨通过在湖羊全混合颗粒料中添加凹凸棒石抗菌材料,探究其对湖羊生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质的影响。选取48只平均体重(15~20)kg、日龄(60~70日龄)的健康湖羊,公母各半,随机分为2组,每组6个重复,每个重复4只羊。对照组饲喂全混合配方颗粒料,试验组在此基础颗粒料中添加凹凸棒石抗菌材料,饲喂80 d,试验最后一天进行屠宰,检测湖羊的生长性能、屠宰性能和肉品质。结果:试验组总增重和日增重均高于对照组(P>0.05);料重比差异不显著(P>0.05);各屠宰性能指标两组之间均差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组屠宰24 h所测pH值和肉色红度值显著低于对照组(P<0.05),滴水损失率、熟肉率和剪切力与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05)。结论:饲粮中添加凹凸棒石抗菌材料有提高湖羊的生长性能和屠宰性能的趋势,可以改善肉品质。     

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis,AMP‐activated protein kinase and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer

Effects of water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation on post mortem glycolysis, adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and meat quality of broilers after transport during summer were investigated in the present paper. A total of 105 mixed‐sex Arbor Acres broilers were divided into three treatment groups: (i) 45 min transport without rest (T); (ii) 45 min transport with 1 h rest (TR); and (iii) 45 min transport with 15 min water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation and 45 min rest (TWFR). Each treatment consisted of five replicates with seven birds each. The results indicated that the water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation could mitigate the stress caused by transport under high temperature conditions during summer, which reduced the energy depletion in post mortem Pectoralis major (PM) muscle. This resulted in a higher energy status compared to the T group, which would decrease the expression of phosphorylation of AMPK (p‐AMPK). Furthermore, decreased the expression of p‐AMPK then slowed down the rate of glycolysis in post mortem PM muscle during the early post mortem period, which in turn lessened the negative effects caused by transport on meat quality. In conclusion, water‐misting sprays with forced ventilation may be a better method to control the incidence of the pale, soft and exudative meat in broilers.     

Cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors and the intestine

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used for the treatment of pain and inflammation because of their inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX). For almost as long as NSAIDs have been in use, multiple adverse effects have been noted. Assessment of many of these adverse effects have been complicated because of the discovery of multiple splice variants of the cox gene, and a greater array of COX inhibitors, especially the COX-2 selective inhibitors have become available. Some of these adverse effects cannot be readily explained by the effect of these drugs on COX. This has sparked a new field of investigation into the COX-independent effects of the COX inhibitors. The major noncyclooxygenase targets of the COX inhibitors of particular relevance to inflammation and the gastrointestinal tract are phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase Akt signaling, uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation, PPARgamma, nuclear factor KB, mitogen activated protein kinases, and heat shock proteins.     

活性污泥应用于农业前发酵处理过程中病原菌变化研究

采用黑曲霉为发酵剂对活性污泥进行全程无公害处理并对各种病原菌的生长变化进行监测。结果表明病原菌总量在发酵过程中呈“马鞍型”变化。由于不同堆肥处理组合的C/N比及添加辅料的不同,导致各种病原菌的生长规律出现差异;采用黑曲霉处理城市活性污泥可使病原菌数目减少,但不能达到完全杀灭的目的;对发酵污泥进行200℃高温物理处理后,病原菌存活量为零。因而活性污泥在堆肥后必须经过高温物理处理才能达到安全化和资源化。     

花生壳残渣制备活性炭及吸附性能测定

用提取黄酮后废弃的花生壳做原料,选择不同的活化剂在一定温度下制备活性炭,并且测定其吸附性能。结果表明：磷酸作为活化剂时活性炭产率最高,达39.5%;当炭化温度为500℃、活化剂为氢氧化钾或磷酸、活化剂浓度为10%时,碘吸附值最高,为966.7mg/g;当炭化温度为500℃、活化剂浓度为10%时,几种活化剂制备出来的活性炭亚甲基蓝脱色力均达到40mL/g左右;与几种市售活性炭比较,花生壳活性炭碘吸附值能够满足市场需要,但是亚甲基蓝脱色力偏低;相同条件下,盐作为活化剂所制备出的活性炭对镍离子的吸附能力比较稳定。